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Wikipedia - Pericardium

"Pericard" redirects here. For the footballer, see Vincent Pericard.
Pericardium
Gray489.png
the whole heart enclosed four chambers. 
 Image2       = Gray968.png
Gray's subject #137 524
Artery pericardiacophrenic artery
MeSH Pericardium

The pericardium (from the Greek περι, "around" and κάρδιον, "heart" /perikardion/) is a double-walled sac that contains the heart and the roots of the great vessels.

Contents

[edit] Layers

There are two layers to the pericardial sac: the fibrous pericardium and the serous pericardium. The serous pericardium, in turn, is divided into two layers, the parietal pericardium, which is fused to and inseparable from the fibrous pericardium, and the visceral pericardium, which is part of the epicardium. The epicardium is the layer immediately outside of the heart muscle proper (the myocardium).

The visceral layer extends to the beginning of the great vessels, becoming one with the parietal layer of the serous pericardium. This happens at two areas; where the aorta and pulmonary trunk leave the heart and where the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and pulmonary veins enter the heart.

In between the parietal and visceral pericardial layers there is a potential space called the pericardial cavity. It is normally lubricated by a film of pericardial fluid. Too much fluid in the cavity (such as in a pericardial effusion) can result in pericardial tamponade (compression of the heart within the pericardial sac). A pericardectomy is sometimes needed in these cases.

[edit] Functions

  • Protection
  • Lubrication

[edit] Anatomical relationships

  • Surrounds heart and bases of pulmonary artery and aorta.
  • Deep to sternum and anterior chest wall.
  • The right phrenic nerve passes to the right of the pericardium.
  • The left phrenic nerve passes over the pericardium of the left ventricle.
  • Pericardial arteries supply blood to the dorsal portion of the pericardium.

[edit] Diseases/Abnormalities

[edit] Relating topics

Pericardial sinus


[edit] Additional images

The phrenic nerve and its relations with the vagus nerve.

Thoracic portion of the sympathetic trunk.

Liver with the septum transversum. Human embryo 3 mm. long.

The thymus of a full-time fetus, exposed in situ.

[edit] References

  • Schimmel, Annemarie (1975). Mystical Dimensions of Islam. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-1271-6. 

[edit] External links

v â€¢ d â€¢ e
Anatomy of torso, cardiovascular system: heart (TA A12.1, GA 5.524)
General
Surface
Internal
Chambers
Layers
Pericardium
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pericardium"

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Pericardium".

 

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